Phonics instruction teaches the relationships between the letters of written language and the sounds of spoken language. To read, children need to understand the alphabetic principle — the idea that letters represent the sounds of spoken language. Decoding is when we use letter-sound relationships to translate a printed word into speech.
Reading Rockets: Phonics and Decoding
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Resource Link: https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/phonics-and-decoding