The U.S. Geological Survey’s Early Warning and Environmental Monitoring (EWEM) program tracks data for a broad spectrum of scientific endeavors operating at national, regional , and international scales. EWEM project activities support investigations in the areas of climate change, natural resource management, environmental change detection, food security monitoring, water resource assessments, and hazard identification/mitigation.
Check out the Livestock Early Warning System, where they use NASA satellite data to track the current status and depth of watering holes in central Africa.